Selasa, 28 April 2015

ARTIKEL BAHASA INGGRIS



Nama: Ajib Rachmat Anugrah
NMP : 10214683

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ROLE

1 Financial management is the management of the financial functions . Financial functions include fantasize obtain funds ( raising of funds ) and how to use these funds ( allocation of funds) . Financial managers are concerned with the determination of the amount of eligible assets from investments in various asset and choose the sources of funds to finance these assets . To obtain funds , financial managers can obtain it from inside and outside the company . Sources from outside the company comes from the capital market , could take the form of debt or equity capital .

Financial management can be defined from the duties and responsibilities of the financial manager . The principal tasks of financial management include investment decision , financing and business operations of a company dividend , thus the task of the financial manager is to plan to maximize the value of the company . Another important activity that should be done regarding the financial managers of four aspects:
 Financial managers must collaborate with other managers who are responsible for the general planning of the company.
(2)managers should focus on investment and financing decisions , and various things related to it
    Financial managers must work with managers in the company so that the company can operate as efficiently as possible  Financial managers must be able to connect the company with the financial markets , where companies can obtain funds and securities companies can be traded
Another important aspect of the company's goals and objectives of financial management is the consideration of social responsibility which can be viewed from four aspects , namely :

    If financial management led to the share price , it needs good management and efficient according to consumer demand . Successful companies always put efficiency and innovation as a priority , resulting in a new product , invention of new technologies and the expansion of employment
    External factors such as environmental pollution , product safety assurance and safety become more important to consider . Fluctuations in all levels of business activity and the changes that occurred in the conditions of financial markets is an important aspect of the external environment .
    Cooperation between industry and government is needed to create regulations governing corporate behavior , and vice versa company comply with these regulations . The company's goal is basically corporate value by technical considerations . Basically the goal of financial management is to maximize corporate value . But behind these objectives is a conflict between business owners with funding providers as creditors (3). If the company goes well , the company's stock value will increase , while the value of corporate debt in the form of bonds is not affected at all . So it can be concluded that the value of stock holdings could be an appropriate index to measure the level of efektifitias company . Based on this reason , the goal of financial management is expressed in the form of stock ownership enterprise value maximization , or stock price maximization . Aim to maximize the stock price does not mean that managers should strive to seek increase in value of the shares at the expense of bondholders..

Rabu, 01 April 2015

ENGLISH DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH



Kalimat langsung (Direct Speech) adalah kalimat yang bilamana reported speech menyatakan kata-kata yang sebenarnya. Kalimat-kalimat tersebut tidak dihubungkan oleh “that” melainkan harus dengan (tanda baca) koma.

Kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) adalah kalimat yang bilamana reported speech memberikan isi pokok kata-kata yang dipakai oleh si pembicara dan bukan kata-kata yang sebenarnya. Dalam indirect speech kalimat-kalimat itu dihubungkan dengan kata “that”. Bentuk waktu reporting verb tidak diubah, akan tetapi bentuk waktu reported speech harus diubah berdasarkan bentuk waktu reporting verb.

PENJELASAN

Untuk lebih memahami perbedaan antara direct speeh dengan indirect speech dapat dilihat dari contoh dibawah ini :
• He said : “ I am very hungry” (Direct speech)
• He said that he was very hungry (Indirect speech)

Catatan :
Dari contoh diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan antara direct speech dan indirect speech adalah bahwa dalam direct speech atau kalimat langsung memakai tanda kutip sedangkan dalam indirect speech atau kalimat tidak langsung tanda kutip tidak dipakai.
Direct dan Indirect speech dapat dibagi dalam 3 bagian :
1. Command (Perintah)
2. Statement (Pernyataan)
3. Question (Pertanyaan)

Penjelasan Tentang Statement
STATEMENT(Pernyataan)
Dalam indirect statement, “that” digunakan sebagai penghubung antar kalimat pengantar dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported speech)
Kalimat pengantar dalam statement :
He said
+that+reported words
He told me

Contoh-contoh :
• Direct : He said, “Randi is ill”
Indirect : He said that Randi was ill
• Direct : She told me, “I am studying English now”
Indirect : she told me that she was studying English now
• Direct : Rini said, “he will work hard”
Indirect : Rini said that he would work hard

Catatan:
Ada beberapa perubahan perubahan dari Direct ke Indirect Speech
1. To be and Auxiliries
2. Time and Place
3. Tenses

Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech :
1.        To be & Auxiliary Verbs
Direct                                       Indirect
Am/is/are                    -             was/were
Shall/will                     -             should/would
Can                             -             could
May                            -             might
Must                          
Have/has to                 -             had to
Ought to

2.        Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat)
Direct                                       Indirect
now                                 -           then
tomorrow                         -           the following day
next week                        -           the following week
tonight                             -           that night
today                               -           that day
yesterday                         -           the day before
last night                          -           the night before
last week                         -           the week before,
                                                    the precious week
here                                  -           there
this                                   -           that
these                                -           those

3.        Tenses
Direct                                       Indirect
Simple present                   -        simple past
Simple past
                                           -        past perfect
Present perfect
Present continous              -        past continous
Present perfect continous  -        past perfect continous
Simple future                     -        past future


EXERCISE

1.Ramadhan asks me: “did you come to school yesterday?”
A. Ramadhan asked me if I had to come school the day before.
B.Ramadhan asked me if I had come to school the day before.
C. Ramadhan asked me if I has comes to school the day before.
Pembahasan:
V2 –> Past perfect. Perubahan yang terjadi sebenarnya adalah dari Simple Past tense menjadi Past Perfect tense.

2 .Rommy says: “I have taken a bath”
A.Rommy Said that he had taken a bath.
B. Rommy Said that he has taken a bath.
C. Rommy Said that he have taken a bath.
Pembahasan:

Karena have adalah V1 maka kita harus menggunakan pola perubahan yang pertama: mengganti kata yang jatuh setelah subjek:
V1 –> V2 yakni have –>had. Perubahan yang sebenarnya terjadi adalah Present Perfect tense –> Past Perfect tense.

3. Did they eat out together yesterday?
A. He asked me if they had eaten out together yesterday.
B. He asked me if they had eaten out together the day before.
C. He asked me if they has eaten out together the day before.

Pembahasan:
Direct speech berupa yes-no question dengan time reference “yesterday”. Time reference perlu diubah menjadi “the day before” atau” the previous day”.

4. Don’t turn off the light now.
A. He told me don't turn off the light at that time.
B. He told me not to turn off the light at that time.
C. He told me didn't turn off the light at that time.

Pembahasan:
Verb menjadi infinitive pada reporting commands (perintah).

5. What’s your passion?
A. She wanted to know what is my passion.
B. She wanted to know what was my passion.
C. She wanted to know what my passion was.

Pembahasan:
Direct speech berupa wh- question (information request) –> pindahkan verb ke belakang subject (word order).

6. Guntur says: ” I will have finished my duty in the end of this month”
A. Guntur said that he whose have finished his duty in the end of this month.
B. Guntur said that he would has finished his duty in the end of this month.
C.Guntur said that he would have finished his duty in the end of this month.
Pembahasan:
Pola yang kita gunakan adalah yang pertama karena will adalah V 1:
V1 (will) –> V2 (would). Perubahan yang terjadi adalah future perfect tense menjadi Past future perfect tense. Tapi sekali lagi kita tidak perlu menghafalkannya, cukup memahami pola prinsip yang saya tulis di atas.

7.The teacher asked the lazy students…..the English classes
A.How often he had attended
B.That he attended
C.When had he attended1 .Robby says: “I have taken a bath”
Pembahasan :
Jawaban How often he had attended karenapertanyaan menyatakan intensitasmurid yang malas tersebut menghindari kelas pelajaran bahasa inggris


8. Your friend has just left.
A. He told me that your friend had just left.
B. He told me that my friend has just left.
C. He told me that my friend had just left.

Pembahasan:
Verb present perfect tense disesuaikan menjadi past perfect tense.

9. I begin to understand the concept of biodiversity.
A. He asked me that he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.
B. He wanted to know if he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.
C. He said that he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.

Pembahasan:
Direct speech berupa statement (pernyataan) dengan verb simple present tense. Verb diubah menjadi simple past tense (penyampai berita fokus pada fakta bahwa pembicaraan merupakan past conversation).

10. Can I borrow your pencil for a moment?
A. She asked me if she can borrow my pencil for a moment.
B. She asked me whether she can borrow my pencil for a moment.
C. She asked me whether she could borrow my pencil for a moment.

Pembahasan:
Modal verb “can” (present) disesuakan menjadi “could” (past).

11. Why are you staring at my feet?
A. He asked her why she is staring at his feet.
B. He asked her why she was staring at his feet.
C. He asked her why was she staring at his feet.

Pembahasan:
Verb present continuous tense pada direct speech menjadi past continuous tense pada reported speech.

12. I’m going to meet my penpal for the first time tomorrow.
A. She said she was going to meet her penpal for the first time the next day.
B. She said she was going to meet my penpal for the first time tomorrow.
C. She said she was going to meet her penpal for the first time tomorrow.

Pembahasan:
Time reference “tomorrow” disesuaikan menjadi “the next day” atau “the following day”.

13. We have been here for a week.
A. They said they had been there for a week.
B. They said they had been here for a week.
C. They said we had been there for a week.

Pembahasan:
“Here” pada direct speech diubah menjadi “there”.

14. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
A. He said that the sun rose in the east and set in the west.
B. He said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
C. He asked if the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

Pembahasan:
Verb tidak berubah (menjadi past) karena pernyataan berupa general truth.

15.    Hazard : Did you know what Oscar said yesterday?
Oscar         : Of course. He said ____ the previous day.
A. had gone to his country           
B. he has gone to his country       
C. he will go to his country
    Pembahasan :
  ( kalau kalimat langsung/direct simple past, indirect/tdk langsung harus
                                   past perfect)

16.    Teacher : Why was Manda absent yesterday?
Jenitan   : What did the teacher want to know, Fardin?
Fardin     : he wanted to know ____
A. if Manda was absent           
B. why Manda was absent          
 C.why Manda had been absent
    Pembahasan:
 (direct berbentuk Wh-question bentuk past tense jadi indirec berbentuk
                                  past perfect)

17.   Doctor   : Open your mouth!
    Mother  : What did the doctor tell you?
    Son       : The doctor told me ____
    A. that I open his mouth           
    B. if I opened my mouth           
    C. to open my mouth
        Pembahasan :
  (direct: V1 + O maka direct: to V1 + O)\

18.    Mother   : Don’t be so noisy, Helmi. The baby is sleeping.
Helmi  : Okay, mom.
Rudy      : What did your mother just told you?
Helmi  : She told me ___ because the baby was sleeping.
A. I wasn’t so noisy          
B. not to be so noisy           
C. don’t be noisy
    Pembahasan:
 B (direct: don’t + be maka indirect: not + to be)

19. I begin to understand the concept of biodiversity.”

    A.He wanted to know if he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.
    B.He asked me that he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.
    C.He said that he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.

20.   Mother : Do you want meatballs or fried chicken?
Mother asked me ____
A. whether I wanted meatball or fried shicken
B. whether I want meatball or fried chicken
C. that I wanted meatball or fried chicken
   Pembahasan:
 A (direct: do/does + S +V1 maka indirect: if/whether + S + V2)